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| Host microbe interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Host microbe interactions in Caenorhabditis elegans
''Caenorhabditis elegans''-microbe interactions are here broadly defined and encompass the associations with all microbes that are temporarily or permanently living in or on this nematode. The microbes might engage in a commensal, mutualistic or pathogenic interaction with the host and include bacteria, viruses, unicellular eukaryotes, and fungi. In nature ''C. elegans'' harbours a variety of different microbes. In contrast, ''C. elegans'' strains that are cultivated in laboratories for research purposes have lost their naturally associated microbial communities and are commonly maintained on a single bacterial strain, ''Escherichia coli' OP50.
== Natural ecology ==
''C. elegans'' is a well-established model organism in different research fields, yet its ecology however is only poorly understood. ''C. elegans'' used to be considered a soil-living nematode, but in the last 10 years it was shown that natural habitats of ''C. elegans'' are microbe-rich, such as compost heaps, rotten plant material, and rotten fruits.〔 Most of the studies on ''C. elegans'' are based on the N2 strain, which has adapted to laboratory conditions. Only in the last few years the natural ecology of ''C. elegans'' has been studied in more detail and one current research focus is its interaction with microbes. As ''C. elegans'' feeds on bacteria, the intestine of worms isolated from the wild is usually filled with a large number of bacteria. In contrast to the very high diversity of bacteria in the natural habitat of ''C. elegans'', the lab strains are only fed with one bacterial strain, the Escherichia coli derivate OP50
. OP50 was not co-isolated with ''C. elegans'' from nature, but was rather used because of its high convenience for laboratory maintenance. Bleaching is a common method in the laboratory to clean ''C. elegans'' of contaminations and to synchronize a population of worms. During bleaching the worms are treated with 5N NaOH and household bleach, leading to the death of all worms and survival of only the nematode eggs.〔 The larvae hatching from these eggs lack any microbes, as none of the currently known ''C. elegans''-associated microbes can be transferred vertically. Since most laboratory strains are kept under these gnotobiotic conditions, nothing is known about the composition of the ''C. elegans'' microbiota. The ecology of ''C. elegans'' can only be fully understood in the light of the multiple interactions with the microorganisms, which it encounters in the wild. The effect of microbes on ''C. elegans'' can vary from beneficial to lethal.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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